| 翻訳と辞書 |
| Structural holes ： ウィキペディア英語版 |
Structural holes
Structural holes is a concept from the theory of social network research developed by Ronald Stuart Burt. The study of structural holes spans the fields of sociology, economics, and computer science. Burt introduced this concept in attempt to explain the origin of differences in social capital. Burt’s theory shows very important aspects of positional advantage/disadvantage of individuals that result from how they are embedded in neighborhoods. Structural hole is understood as a gap between two individuals who have complementary sources to information.
== The concept ==
Most social structures tend to be characterized by dense clusters of strong connections. The theory relies on a fundamental idea that the homogeneity of information, new ideas, and behavior is generally higher within any group of people as compared to that in between two groups of people. Because of this an individual who acts as a mediator between two or more groups of people would gain important comparative advantages. In particular, the position of a bridge between distinct groups allows him or her to transfer valuable information from one group to another. In addition, the individual can combine all the ideas he or she receives from different sources and come up with the most innovative idea among all.〔
If we compare two nodes, node A is more likely to get novel information than node B, even though they have the same number of links. This is so because nodes connected to B are also highly connected between each other. Therefore any information that any of them could get from B, it could easily get from other nodes as well. Furthermore, the information, which B gets from different connections, is likely to be overlapping, so connections involving node B are said to be redundant. On contrary, the position of node A makes it serve as a bridge or a ‘broker’ between three different clusters. Thus, node A is likely to receive some nonredundant information from its contacts. The term ‘structural holes’ is used for the separation between non-redundant contacts. As a result of the hole between two contacts, they provide network benefits to the third party (to node A).
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
■ウィキペディアで「Structural holes」の詳細全文を読む
スポンサード リンク
| 翻訳と辞書 : 翻訳のためのインターネットリソース |
Copyright(C) kotoba.ne.jp 1997-2016. All Rights Reserved.
|
|